The Oracle BACKUP commands (RMAN & Data Pump) create physical or logical copies of your database or individual objects so they can be restored after failure.
Backups protect against hardware failure, user error, and data corruption. A recent, validated backup lets you restore service quickly and meet RPO/RTO targets.
Use RMAN for physical, block-level backups and Data Pump (expdp/impdp) for logical object-level dumps. Both can run online and integrate with archive logging.
Connect to RMAN as SYSDBA, place the database in ARCHIVELOG mode, and issue BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; This captures datafiles and redo needed for PITR.
1. SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG; 2. $ rman target / 3. RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG FORMAT '/bkp/full_%d_%T.bkp';
Run Data Pump export of just that table to keep the dump portable across versions.
$ expdp system/****** tables=Orders directory=dp_dir dumpfile=orders.dmp logfile=orders.log
For RMAN use FORMAT, DEVICE TYPE, COMPRESSED. For Data Pump use PARALLEL, COMPRESSION, INCLUDE/EXCLUDE filters to shrink dump size and speed export.
Store backups off-site, validate with RMAN RESTORE … VALIDATE, rotate encryption keys, and automate using cron or Oracle Scheduler.
Skipping archived logs — omit PLUS ARCHIVELOG and PITR fails. Always include them or run periodic ARCHIVELOG backups.
Not testing restores — backups untouched until disaster often contain errors. Schedule test RESTORE VALIDATE jobs monthly.
RMAN can perform hot (online) backups while the database remains open in ARCHIVELOG mode, minimizing downtime.
Yes. Use CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET; or add AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET to a single command.
Create a shell script with expdp parameters and schedule it via cron or Oracle Scheduler. Monitor logs for failures.