Learn how to optimize SQL queries with indexing strategies, execution plan tips, and real-world examples. Whether you're new to SQL tuning or want advanced insights, this guide has everything to help you write faster, more efficient queries.
Poor indexing, unnecessary joins, inefficient filters, and retrieving too much data (like SELECT *) are common causes of slow SQL performance.
Use indexes, avoid SELECT *, filter early with WHERE, limit data with LIMIT/TOP, and review your execution plans.
Indexes should be created on columns used frequently in WHERE, JOIN, and ORDER BY clauses. Avoid indexing columns with high write frequency or low cardinality.
An execution plan shows how the database engine runs your query. Analyzing it helps identify slow steps like full table scans or bad joins.
Run EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN ANALYZE to see the query plan. Use tools like Galaxy or native DB profilers to see runtime and cost metrics.
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