Occurs when a time zone offset is malformed or out of the -13:59 to +14:00 range.
invalid_time_zone_displacement_value is PostgreSQL error 22009 raised when a numeric time-zone offset is wrongly formatted or outside -13:59 to +14:00. Supply a valid offset like '+05:30' or use a named zone (e.g. 'UTC') to resolve the error.
PostgreSQL Error 22009
This error appears with SQLSTATE 22009 when PostgreSQL cannot parse a supplied time-zone offset. The server only accepts signed offsets between -13:59 and +14:00 in the formats '+HH', '+HH:MM', or '-HH:MM'.
The failure commonly surfaces in SET TIME ZONE, AT TIME ZONE, or timestamp conversion expressions.
Queries abort immediately, so fixing the offset is critical for data integrity and application uptime.
An offset outside the legal range triggers the exception instantly.
Providing '+25' or '-15:00' exceeds PostgreSQL’s bounds and is rejected.
Malformed syntax such as '5:30', '+0530', or double signs like '+-03' breaks the parser and returns the same error.
Dynamic SQL that concatenates user input can silently insert bad offsets if validation is missing, producing the error at runtime.
Replace the numeric literal with a valid signed offset inside -13:59 to +14:00.
Use leading zeros and an optional colon: '+05:30', '-08'.
Prefer a full IANA zone name such as 'America/Los_Angeles' or 'UTC'. Named zones are safer, daylight-aware, and immune to range issues.
Validate any user-supplied offset in the application layer or with a CHECK constraint before running the query.
SET TIME ZONE '+25' fails. Correct statement: SET TIME ZONE '+14:00'.
SELECT TIMESTAMP '2023-10-10 10:00' AT TIME ZONE '+0530' fails.
Correct usage: AT TIME ZONE '+05:30'.
Parameterized queries that join string parts can leak bad values. Sanitize input or CAST text to interval and test with WHERE clauses.
Store timestamps in UTC and display local times in the application tier. This eliminates the need for ad-hoc offsets in SQL.
Use named zones rather than numeric offsets wherever possible.
PostgreSQL handles daylight shifts automatically.
Add CHECK(email) constraints or TRIGGER functions to vet any offset text columns and reject out-of-range values at insert time.
invalid_datetime_format (22007) - raised for bad timestamp literals; verify date parts.
invalid_parameter_value (22023) - appears when GUC parameters receive unsupported values; double-check SET commands.
datetime_field_overflow (22008) - signals impossible dates such as February 30; correct calendar input.
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No. PostgreSQL caps offsets at +14:00. Use a named time zone to reflect your region accurately.
The colon is mandatory unless you supply only the hour part. '+0530' lacks the colon and breaks parsing.
The error stops the query before any data is written, so no corrupt rows are stored. Correct the offset and rerun.
Galaxy’s editor validates time-zone literals in real time and its AI copilot auto-completes with correct named zones, reducing human error.
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