exclusion_violation (SQLSTATE 23P01) occurs when an INSERT or UPDATE breaches a table’s exclusion constraint, preventing rows that satisfy a disallowed condition from co-existing.
exclusion_violation (23P01) appears when a new row conflicts with an existing row under an exclusion constraint. Locate the overlapping or intersecting row, adjust the data or constraint, and retry the statement after resolving the conflict.
exclusion_violation
The exclusion_violation error (SQLSTATE 23P01) appears when an INSERT or UPDATE violates an exclusion constraint defined on a PostgreSQL table.
Exclusion constraints guarantee that no two rows satisfy a specified Boolean condition, often used with GiST indexes over range, geometric, or custom types.
PostgreSQL raises 23P01 when the new row conflicts with an existing row according to the constraint’s USING index operator class and optional WHERE predicate.
Missing or outdated GiST or SP-GiST indexes can surface the error during bulk loads because the planner relies on the index to enforce the rule efficiently.
Concurrent transactions inserting overlapping ranges often collide, producing an exclusion_violation even if each session checked for conflicts beforehand.
Start by selecting rows that match the exclusion predicate against the incoming values to confirm the exact clash.
Choose to modify the new data, update or delete the conflicting row, or relax the constraint if business rules changed.
For automated handling, wrap writes in a retry loop and consider INSERT ...
ON CONFLICT with a retry or advisory lock pattern.
Temporal tables forbidding overlapping tsrange values often hit 23P01; normalize boundaries and verify inclusive/exclusive flags before insert.
Geospatial datasets may throw the error when two polygons intersect; run ST_IsValid and ST_Buffer(geom, 0) to clean shapes.
Unique-per-day business rules that use date_trunc in the exclusion expression fail when timestamps carry different time zones; cast to UTC first.
Validate overlap in application logic before inserting or updating rows that participate in exclusion constraints.
Declare the constraint DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE to delay checks until COMMIT, reducing transient violations during multi-step updates.
Use SERIALIZABLE isolation or advisory locks for high-concurrency workloads to serialize writes that could violate the constraint.
unique_violation (23505) fires on UNIQUE constraint breaches; resolve with ON CONFLICT or by removing duplicates.
check_violation (23514) occurs when data fails a CHECK expression; adjust either data or the CHECK logic.
foreign_key_violation (23503) indicates a missing referenced row; insert the parent row or remove the orphan reference.
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Yes, use ALTER TABLE ... DROP CONSTRAINT to remove it, then recreate it after data correction. Remember to rebuild the supporting index.
ON CONFLICT works only with UNIQUE constraints. Exclusion constraints require manual conflict detection or serialization logic.
DEFERRABLE delays the check until COMMIT, but the transaction will still fail if a violation exists at commit time.
Galaxy’s AI copilot autogenerates overlap-check queries and highlights exclusion constraints in schema introspection, helping engineers validate data before executing writes.
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