ER_STD_DOMAIN_ERROR (error 3045) is thrown when a MySQL function receives an argument outside its mathematical domain, such as SQRT(-1).
ER_STD_DOMAIN_ERROR in MySQL appears when a numeric function gets a value outside its valid range. Check the offending argument, cast or clamp it to a legal range, or guard against NULLs to resolve the error.
ER_STD_DOMAIN_ERROR
MySQL raises ER_STD_DOMAIN_ERROR when a built-in function such as SQRT, LOG, or ACOS receives an argument outside the range it can mathematically handle. The server aborts the statement and returns SQLSTATE HY000.
The error text "Domain error: %s in function %s" names the bad value and the function, helping you locate the problem quickly. Addressing it is critical because the statement fails and any surrounding transaction may roll back.
The root cause is always a value that violates the domain of the called function. Common triggers include negative numbers for SQRT, zeros or negatives for LOG, and inputs outside -1 to 1 for ACOS or ASIN.
Implicit conversions can hide the problem. For example, dividing by zero can yield NULL, which later feeds a domain-sensitive function. Out-of-range data from user input or sensors is another frequent source.
Start by isolating the row and column that produced the illegal value. Re-run the query with LIMIT or conditional WHERE clauses until you can reproduce the error on a single record.
Next, guard the function call. Use CASE, IF, or NULLIF to supply a safe fallback when the value is outside the domain. Alternatively, clamp the value into the valid range or filter out offending rows.
Analytics queries often hit ER_STD_DOMAIN_ERROR when calculating LOG(value) on raw metrics that include zeros. Wrapping the call in CASE value <= 0 THEN NULL avoids failure.
Geospatial code may call SQRT(dx*dx + dy*dy) where dx or dy can be NULL. Using COALESCE(dx,0) prevents negative surprises.
Validate and constrain data at the ingestion layer. CHECK constraints and generated columns can enforce non-negative or within-range values before they reach queries.
Instrument queries in Galaxy's editor with inline assertions. Galaxy autocompletion shows function domains, helping engineers catch mistakes before running the statement.
Division by zero raises ER_DIVISION_BY_ZERO. Numeric overflow shows up as ER_DATA_OUT_OF_RANGE. Both are fixed by validating operands just like ER_STD_DOMAIN_ERROR.
Calling SQRT on a negative number immediately triggers a domain error because square roots of negatives are not real numbers.
LOG, LN, and LOG10 require a positive argument. Values of zero or below violate the function domain.
Trigonometric inverse functions only accept inputs between -1 and 1. Data rounding errors can easily exceed this range.
Arithmetic on NULL yields NULL, which can propagate into a domain-sensitive function and raise the error.
Raised when an expression attempts to divide by zero. Fix by validating the divisor.
Occurs when a value exceeds the storage range of the target column or function.
Thrown when a string cannot be converted to the required numeric type, often preceding domain errors.
No. MySQL does not offer a session variable to ignore domain errors. You must correct the input data or guard the function call.
The error code was introduced in MySQL 5.7.5 and exists in all later versions, including MySQL 8.x and Percona Server.
Yes, the entire statement fails and any active transaction may roll back unless the error is caught in a stored procedure handler.
Galaxy's context-aware linting flags domain-violating function calls during query composition, reducing runtime errors in production.
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