<p>The error appears when a SIGNAL, RESIGNAL, or DECLARE HANDLER statement supplies an invalid five character SQLSTATE value.</p>
<p>MySQL Error 1407: ER_SP_BAD_SQLSTATE indicates you used an invalid SQLSTATE code in a SIGNAL, RESIGNAL, or DECLARE HANDLER. Supply a valid five-character class and subclass code, such as '45000', to resolve the problem.</p>
Bad SQLSTATE: '%s'
Error 1407 fires when MySQL parses a stored program statement that references SQLSTATE and finds a value that does not meet the five character format or uses a prohibited class code.
The message Bad SQLSTATE '%s' helps you identify the literal that violates SQLSTATE rules.
The error appears during CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE FUNCTION, DECLARE HANDLER, SIGNAL, or RESIGNAL execution or compilation.
It is thrown instantly, so the routine is not created or the statement is not executed.
Invalid SQLSTATE values break error handling logic, leaving stored programs without proper exception signalling. Production code may then silently swallow or misroute errors.
Resolving the issue restores predictable error flows and keeps application error traps accurate.
The value supplied is not exactly five characters.
The first two characters are not 00, 01, 02, or HY, or they fall outside valid SQLSTATE class ranges.
Numeric literals are quoted incorrectly or passed through parameters that change length.
Verify the SQLSTATE string is five characters and uses a valid class code.
Common generic codes are '45000' for user defined errors and '02000' for no_data.
Using '1234' instead of '01234' - prepend a leading zero.
Using numeric value without quotes - wrap in single quotes.
Using class '99' - replace with 'HY' or another legal class.
Centralize SQLSTATE constants in a helper script so developers reuse vetted codes.
Add unit tests that compile stored programs in CI to catch invalid SQLSTATE values early.
Error 1336 (ER_SP_BADSELECT) involves invalid SELECT in a routine. Fix by adding INTO clause.
Error 1337 (ER_SP_BADRETURN) signals wrong RETURN type. Align type with routine definition.
SQLSTATE values shorter or longer than five characters trigger the error immediately.
Classes other than 00, 01, 02, or the vendor-allocated HY class are rejected.
Writing SIGNAL 45000 uses a number, not a string. MySQL expects '45000'.
Building the SQLSTATE string at runtime can create unexpected lengths or characters.
Occurs when inserting a row missing a required column. Provide the column or a default.
Raised when a SELECT in a stored routine lacks an INTO. Add INTO variables.
Thrown when a function RETURN type mismatches declared type. Align the return expression.
No. SQLSTATE must be five characters and follow the ISO defined class codes. Use '45000' for generic user errors.
Yes. HY000 is the general error class reserved for vendor-defined conditions and is safe for most custom signals.
Error 1407 exists in all MySQL 5.5+ versions. The validation rules are consistent across releases.
Galaxy highlights invalid literals in real time and offers AI fixes, so developers see SQLSTATE mistakes before saving stored routines.
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