<p>MySQL raises error 1351 when a view definition references user or session variables, which the engine forbids to maintain deterministic behavior.</p>
<p>MySQL Error 1351: ER_VIEW_SELECT_VARIABLE appears when a CREATE VIEW or ALTER VIEW statement includes a user or session variable. Remove the variable, replace it with a column, literal, or function, or move the logic into a stored procedure to resolve the issue.</p>
View's SELECT contains a variable or parameter
MySQL returns error code 1351 with SQLSTATE HY000 and message "View's SELECT contains a variable or parameter" when you try to create, alter, or reference a view whose SELECT clause uses @user variables, local variables, or stored procedure parameters.
The optimizer blocks variables inside views because their volatile, session-specific values break the deterministic and cacheable nature of view definitions. MySQL therefore aborts the statement to protect consistency.
The error is triggered whenever MySQL parses a CREATE VIEW or ALTER VIEW statement that contains any variable marker. It does not matter whether the variable appears in the SELECT list, WHERE clause, HAVING clause, or ORDER BY clause.
Because views are stored as static SQL text, MySQL requires that their results depend only on table data and built-in functions, not on per-connection variables that can change unpredictably.
Eliminate every user or session variable from the view definition. Replace them with constants, columns, or deterministic functions.
If you need dynamic values, move the logic into a stored procedure or parameterized query executed from your application instead of a view.
Developers often inject variables for row numbering or conditional filtering. Use window functions (MySQL 8.0+) or CROSS JOIN subqueries instead.
Variables that reference stored procedure parameters should be rewritten as function arguments or handled in the calling code, because MySQL views cannot accept parameters.
Validate view definitions in a staging environment with sql_mode=STRICT_ALL_TABLES before deployment. Lint SQL files for variable tokens (@) during CI pipelines using tools like sqlfluff.
Use Galaxy's static analysis to flag variable usage inside CREATE VIEW statements in real time, preventing the error before it reaches production.
Error 1354 (ER_VIEW_SELECT_TMPTABLE) occurs when the view references a temporary table. Convert the temp table to a permanent or derived table to fix it.
Error 1356 (ER_VIEW_CHECK_FAILED) indicates that WITH CHECK OPTION failed. Verify that inserted or updated rows conform to the view's WHERE clause.
Including @rownum or @total directly inside the view definition triggers the error because their values are session-specific.
Filtering rows with conditions like WHERE created_at > @cutoff_date leads to error 1351 for the same determinism reasons.
Attempting to reference IN or OUT parameters while creating a view inside a procedure fails, because views cannot capture runtime parameters.
Raised when a view references a temporary table. Convert the table to a permanent table or inline subquery.
Occurs when data changes violate a view defined WITH CHECK OPTION. Adjust data or view filter.
Triggered when a field in the view definition does not exist. Verify column names and aliases.
No. MySQL forbids any user or session variable in view definitions and returns error 1351.
No version of MySQL currently permits variables in views. Use window functions or subqueries instead.
Views cannot accept parameters. Use stored procedures or application-side parameter substitution.
Galaxy's SQL editor highlights variable usage in CREATE VIEW statements and suggests deterministic alternatives before execution.
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