How to GRANT Permissions in BigQuery

Galaxy Glossary

How do I grant permissions in BigQuery?

GRANT assigns roles or fine-grained privileges to users, groups, or service accounts on BigQuery resources.

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Description

What does GRANT do in BigQuery?<\/h2>GRANT adds a role or specific privilege to one or more principals on a dataset, table, or view. The command updates the resource’s access control list (ACL) immediately.<\/p>

Which privilege types can I grant?<\/h2>BigQuery supports two models: IAM roles (OWNER, WRITER, READER) at the dataset level and fine-grained privileges (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, REFERENCES) at the table or view level.<\/p>

How do I grant dataset-level access?<\/h2>Use GRANT … ON SCHEMA to assign roles on a dataset. Choose READER for analysts, WRITER for ETL jobs, or OWNER for admins.<\/p>

Dataset GRANT example<\/h3>

The following gives analysts read-only access to the Ecommerce dataset:<\/p>

GRANT READER ON SCHEMA `project.ecommerce` TO "group:analysts@example.com";\n<\/code><\/pre>

How do I grant table-level access?<\/h2>
Use GRANT … ON TABLE when you need tighter control. This lets you expose only the data a team needs.<\/p>

Table GRANT example<\/h3>
The query below lets the billing service read from Orders<\/code> without touching other tables:<\/p> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE `project.ecommerce.Orders`\nTO "serviceAccount:billing@appspot.gserviceaccount.com";\n<\/code>

`How do I revoke permissions?<\/h2>`

Use the REVOKE command with the same syntax to remove a role or privilege. Always test revokes in a staging project first.<\/p>

What are best practices for GRANT?<\/h2>Grant the least privilege required, prefer Google Groups over individual accounts, and audit your ACLs quarterly using `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.<\/code> views.<\/p>`

`Common mistakes and fixes<\/h2>See the section below for two frequent errors and how to resolve them.<\/p>`

Why How to GRANT Permissions in BigQuery is important

How to GRANT Permissions in BigQuery Example Usage


-- Allow the shipping microservice to insert new OrderItems\nGRANT INSERT ON TABLE `project.ecommerce.OrderItems`\nTO "serviceAccount:shipping@appspot.gserviceaccount.com";

How to GRANT Permissions in BigQuery Syntax


-- Dataset-level roles\nGRANT { OWNER | WRITER | READER }\nON SCHEMA `project.dataset`\nTO { "user:user@example.com" | "group:team@example.com" | "serviceAccount:sa@project.iam.gserviceaccount.com" };\n\n-- Table-level privileges\nGRANT { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES }\nON TABLE `project.dataset.table`\nTO { principal_list };\n\n-- Example (ecommerce)\nGRANT SELECT ON TABLE `project.ecommerce.Customers`\nTO "group:marketing@example.com";

Common Mistakes

Granting at the dataset level when only one table is needed exposes extra data. Fix by using GRANT ... ON TABLE for fine-grained control.
Granting to individual users creates maintenance overhead. Fix by creating a Google Group, adding users there, and granting the group instead.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can I grant multiple privileges in one command?<\/h3>Yes. Separate privileges with commas: `GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON TABLE project.dataset.Products TO "group:devs@example.com";<\/code><\/p>`

`Does GRANT overwrite existing permissions?<\/h3>`

No. GRANT appends the new role or privilege to the ACL. Use REVOKE to remove existing entries.<\/p>

How do I list current grants?<\/h3>Query `project.region-us.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_OPTIONS<\/code> or the dataset s INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS<\/code> views.<\/p>`

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