Normalization in SQL is a systematic approach to organizing data in a relational database. It aims to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity by decomposing tables into smaller, more manageable tables. The core idea is to minimize data duplication, which can lead to inconsistencies and errors. Normalization is achieved through a series of stages, each addressing a specific type of data redundancy. A well-normalized database is easier to maintain, update, and query, leading to more efficient and reliable applications. For example, imagine a table storing customer orders. If each order included the customer's address, phone number, and email, there would be redundancy. Normalization would separate this information into a separate "Customers" table, linked to the "Orders" table, eliminating duplication and improving data integrity. This approach is crucial for large databases where data consistency and accuracy are paramount. Normalization is not a one-size-fits-all solution, and the optimal level of normalization depends on the specific needs of the application. Choosing the right normalization level is a balance between data integrity and query performance.